Engineering Economics By Tarachand Pdf Free Download
Engineering economics by tarachand pdf free download his article provides a detailed analysis of the engineering cost and economic performance of the oil and gas sector in the United States. It seeks to identify and understand various performance indicators and to assess how and why these indicators vary, which will allow for a better understanding of how engineering economics work. Many companies encounter issues such as cost overruns or under-performance because they do not fully understand what is going on with their own company’s system, nor do they understand why companies themselves vary so much from one another in terms of performance. This paper seeks to provide an understanding of the key factors that contribute to this variation. The analysis is based on data obtained from the US Bureau of Economic Analysis’s (BEA) Integrated Input-Output Modeling System II (IIOMS II) for fiscal year 2000. The data is used to estimate the direct, indirect, and induced share of each sector in total gross domestic product at factor-costs. The analysis provides a detailed description of the nature of the performance variation within sectors as well as an understanding of why this variation occurs. Contributing factors to this variation are identified, and recommendations are made for companies looking to improve their performance. The construction sector has 3 sub-sectors: residential building construction, nonresidential building construction, and highway/bridge construction. The analysis is performed for both the previous and current year. Current-year data is used to assess performance in the year leading up to the survey, and previous-year data is used to assess prior performance. For instance, the fiscal year 1999 data is used to analyze 1995 performance of highway/bridge construction. The residential sub-sector has 3 categories of labor: unskilled labor, semiskilled labor, and skilled labor. Unskilled labor makes up 48% of total employment, semiskilled labor makes up 19%, and skilled labor makes up 33%. The unskilled sub-category of labor has 4 subcomponents: nonbuilding construction, drafting/designing, janitorial services & maintenance work, and security guards. Within the nonbuilding construction sub-sector, the unskilled sub-category is divided into 3 sub-subcategories: concrete work, block/brick/stone work, and frame/sheeting/roofing work. The skilled sub-category of labor is divided into 3 sub-subcategories: electricians & plumbers, carpenters & joiners, and painters & paperhangers. The nonresidential building construction sub-sector has 4 categories of labor: unskilled labor, semiskilled labor, skilled labor, and architect/engineer services. Unskilled labor makes up 100% of total employment in this category. Within the unskilled labor sub-category, 3 sub-subcategories exist: concrete work, block/brick/stone work, and frame/sheeting/roofing work. The semiskilled labor sub-category is divided into 3 sub-subcategories: electricians & plumbers, carpenters & joiners, and painters & paperhangers. The skilled labor sub-category is divided into 3 sub-subcategories: sheet metal workers, painters & sculptors, and structural steel workers. The highway/bridge construction sub-sector has 4 categories of labor: semi-skilled labor, unskilled labor, skilled labor, and management services.
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